RondoDox Botnet Exploits React2Shell to Breach Next.js
Security researchers have identified an active campaign where the RondoDox botnet exploits the React2Shell vulnerability to compromise exposed Next.js servers. The attacks target misconfigured environments, allowing attackers to deploy malicious payloads and establish persistence. Organizations running vulnerable setups should act quickly to assess exposure, apply mitigations, and monitor for indicators of compromise.
Introduction
Security researchers have uncovered an active exploitation campaign involving the RondoDox botnet, which is leveraging the React2Shell vulnerability to compromise exposed Next.js servers.
What happened
The RondoDox botnet has been observed actively scanning the internet for servers vulnerable to React2Shell.
Next.js servers confirmed compromised in this campaign
Key confirmed facts include:
- The campaign targets publicly exposed Next.js servers
- Exploitation relies on the React2Shell technique
- Compromised systems deploy botnet components
Technical details
The RondoDox campaign uses this technique to:
- Inject malicious commands via crafted HTTP requests
- Download and execute secondary payloads
- Modify system configurations for persistence
Recommended mitigations
Conclusion
Frequently Asked Questions
No. React2Shell is a known vulnerability pattern. Exploitation relies on exposed and misconfigured deployments rather than undisclosed flaws.
Managed platforms generally reduce exposure, but misconfigurations or custom deployments can still introduce risk.
Restrict public access to application servers and review deployment configurations to eliminate unnecessary exposure.
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