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R

Router

A network device that forwards data packets between networks by examining destination IP addresses and determining the best path.

What is a Router?

A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. Operating at Layer 3 (Network) of the OSI model, routers examine destination IP addresses and use routing tables to determine the optimal path for data transmission.

How Routers Work

Routers connect different networks and make forwarding decisions based on:

  1. Examining the destination IP address of each packet
  2. Consulting the routing table for the best path
  3. Forwarding the packet to the appropriate interface
  4. Decrementing the TTL (Time To Live)

Routing Methods

  • Static Routing: Manually configured routes
  • Dynamic Routing: Routes learned via protocols (OSPF, BGP, EIGRP)
  • Default Route: Path for unknown destinations

Types of Routers

  • Home Router: Combines router, switch, wireless AP, and NAT
  • Enterprise Router: High-performance routing with advanced features
  • Core Router: Backbone routers handling massive traffic volumes
  • Edge Router: Connects enterprise networks to ISPs

Key Functions

  • Network segmentation and traffic isolation
  • NAT for internet connectivity
  • Firewall and access control
  • Quality of Service (QoS)
  • VPN termination